Norway from end to end

The magnificent gateway to the fjords, Bergen is a medieval port surrounded by mountains. From the beauty of Bryggen, the seafront maze of ancient timber buildings, to the modern Fløibanen Funicular that soars up Fløyen peak for awesome views, no one would want to miss this city. Exploring on foot is dreamlike but there are other attractions – the aquarium, the four-building KODE art museum encompassing Norway’s Edvard Munch as well as Picasso and more while outside town is composer Edvard Grieg’s enchanting house.

Capital of the fjords, the village of Flåm is unmissable. The village sits at the end of Aurlandsfjord, a branch of huge Sognefjord – at 204 km Norway’s longest, a dream voyage in itself – and the 650 m-high Stegastein viewing platform shows the area, a world of waterfalls and towering rock faces, in all its glory. Don’t miss the Flåm Railway, a 20 km ride on one of the world’s steepest, most spectacular rides. Deep in Sognefjord, the ancient village of Vik opens up the fjord’s dramatically different arms – waterfall-fringed Arnafjord and tiny, narrow and steep-sided Finnafjord to the west, and the wild World Heritage landscape of Nærøyfjord, itself 17 km long, to the east. Boats and buses explore everywhere from the shimmering waters to the Vikafjellet mountains, across which are the delights of Flåm. Vik itself sits amid rich farmland – and has a dramatic 26 m-high statue of Viking saga hero Fridtjov the Bold.

A stopping off point for Briksdal Glacier and overland excursions to Geiranger on the beautiful, UNESCO-listed Geirangerfjord, the Eidsfjorden village of Nordfjordeid is wedged between Jostedalsbreen glacier, the biggest in mainland Europe. Nordfjordeid has a craftsman-built replica of the country’s biggest known Viking ship, Myklebust, while the area around is rich in Viking burial mounds. Nearby, at the end of Innvikfjorden, the Loen Skylift gondola rises 1,011 m for the most staggering views.

Storfjorden is the grand opening section of one of Norway’s mightiest fjords, a sea of islands giving way to near-vertical sides; it splits and the main arm heads south to Geiranger while less-visited Tafjorden heads east. Tafjord is at the very end, an isolated village reached only by road or a tricky mountain road. Just outside town is a steep but enchanting walk up to Muldalsfoss, one of the country’s biggest waterfalls, with a free fall of 200 m.

Tucked away amongst the hills of Trondheim fjord, this is a Viking city founded in the 11th century that is filled with colourful timber buildings. Mighty Kristiansten Fortress is the country’s best preserved fortification, the architectural pot-pourri of Nidaros Cathedral is the burial site of Viking king St Olav while Stiftsgården, the royal residence, is believed to be the largest wooden building in northern Europe. Boat trips head to unhurried beauty spots.

Glomfjord is a village in the municipality of Meløy in Nordland county, Norway. The industrial community is located along Norwegian County Road 17 at the head of the Glomfjorden, just north of the Arctic Circle. The 1.14-square-kilometre village has a population of 1,077 and a population density of 945 inhabitants per square kilometre. Although located north of the Arctic Circle and not far from Norway’s second largest glacier Svartisen, the climate is well suited for living due to the Gulf Stream, albeit rather wet. The temperature is seldom below −10 °C (14 °F) during winter time. During summer time the sun does not set. The midnight sun also makes the plants grow faster.

Explore the Lofoten Islands, an archipelago just above the Arctic Circle. Leknes, the islands’ main town, on Vestvågøya, sits on bay-like Buksnesfjorden. The scenery is otherworldly, little red-painted houses against a backdrop of craggy, mountainous isles. In the height of summer the white sand beaches look almost like the South Seas – and this is the Land of the Midnight Sun for almost two months each year. Tours take in the mountainous interior while there are also whale watching excursions. Trollfjorden doesn’t come more startling than this – a 100 m-wide entrance to a narrow fjord with near-vertical mountainous sides up to 1,100 m high. The passage slices through Austvågøya, on the edge of the Lofoten Islands, and there’s no way in, other than by boat or a dizzying hike. Appreciate the silence while you cruise gently onward as white-tailed eagles soar overhead – and marvel as the ship slowly spins around to leave.

Known as the Arctic gateway, Tromso is a remote Norwegian city at 69° north, 250 miles above the Arctic Circle, where you can take in the soft glow of the midnight sun. Learn more about early polar explorations at the Polar Museum. Famed for the Northern Lights on winter nights, you can find out more about this natural spectacle at the Science Centre.

With just 60 permanent human residents, Skarsvåg is as stark, remote and naturally beautiful as Norway gets. Just a little further north is the North Cape, the northernmost point of Europe above the Arctic Circle. From here the only thing standing between you and the North Pole 2,100km away is the Svalbard archipelago. Back in Skarsvāg, the island’s famous bird cliffs are home to thousands of puffins, gannets and cormorants. If you have some energy to burn, the hike to the Cape Knivskjellodden, the northernmost point on Magreøya, is worth the effort for the incredible cliff face views of the North Cape Plateau.

The greatest bird cliff in the Barents Sea is on Bear Island, or Bjørnøya, Svalbard’s southernmost island. Thousands of breeding seabirds – Atlantic puffin, northern gannet, glaucous gull, great skua, black-legged kittiwake, little auk, common guillemot and Brünnich’s guillemot colonies nest on the steep cliffs south of Sørhamna around Kapp Kolthoff. Only Zodiacs can come alongside, where distinctive sea stack rock columns, impressive sea caves and tunnels, such as Perleporten, have been created by the battering seas.

Located deep inside the Arctic Circle, approaching the Svalbard archipelago feels a lot like sailing towards the edge of the world. Known as the kingdom of the polar bears, we’ll be hoping to spot some of its subjects as we explore some of the most varied polar landscapes in the Arctic. Down in our Zodiac boats, we’ll get close to the gargantuan glaciers, rapidly retreating from the oceans that they feed. In the north of the archipelago, past the magnificent fjords, the remaining sea ice offers the perfect hunting ground for polar bears. Closer to Longyearbyen, the landscape is punctuated with large areas devoid of snow and ice alongside vast tundra and exposed beaches. Alongside Svalbard’s 3,000 polar bears, this Arctic wildlife hotspot is also home to walrus, Svalbard reindeer, ringed seal, the arctic fox and many species of marine mammals and seabirds.

Longyearbyen is the world’s most northerly town and with it comes the world’s most northerly high street and pub. On Spitsbergen, Svalbard’s largest island, Longyearbyen is home to The North Pole Expeditions Museum which chronicles early efforts to reach the pole by air. The nearby Svalbard Global Seed Vault preserves duplicates of seeds held in gene banks worldwide. The surrounding Arctic waters are populated by whales including bowheads and narwhals, while walruses are regularly seen hauling.